In the textile industry, fabric defect detection is an essential aspect of ensuring the quality of fabric products. To address the difficulty in recognizing fabric defects due to large scale variations and small area ratios, fabric defect detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv8 is proposed. The SimAM non-parametric attention mechanism is introduced to optimize the C2f module of YOLOv8m, to enhance the feature extraction capability for fabric defects. Referring to the Rep-BiFPN structure, the BiC module is introduced to reconstruct the connection(concat) module of Backbone network and Neck network, while also drawing on the idea of Bi-FPN pyramid cross-layer connections to improve FPN-PAN of the original Neck network, to enhance the feature fusion ability of the Neck network. WIoUv3 is used to replace the CIoU of YOLOv8m for calculating the model??s bounding box loss, reducing the penalty intensity for defects with larger aspect ratios, allowing the model to focus on anchor boxes of normal quality, and improving the overall performance of the detector, thus enhancing the detection accuracy of the model. Experimental results show that the improved YOLOv8m can achieve a mean average precision(mAP) of 94. 1%. Compared to the mAP of original YOLOv8m, it has increased by 8. 6 percentage points. Moreover, the detection accuracy of the algorithm for various types of fabric defects remains above 90%, meeting the actual needs of the industry for fabric defect detection.

The extraction and beneficiation of rare earth elements(REEs) have led to severe REEs contamination in surrounding soils, water, and other environmental media. Identifying the migration, transformation, speciation, and tolerance mechanisms of REEs in soils and hyperaccumulators can provide theoretical basis for REE contamination remediation, research and development of biomimetic materials, plant mining, and other fields. This review summarizes the germplasm resources, REE accumulation characteristics, and physiological mechanisms of REE hyperaccumulators. At present, 25 REE hyperaccumulators or potential hyperaculmulator species have been identified worldwide, with ferns accounting for approximately 68% of these. REEs are primarily accumulated in leaves, where ferns predominantly enriching light rare earth elements ( LREEs), while species from the genus Phytolacca exhibit slight enrichment in heavy rare earth elements(HREEs). The mechanisms underlying the fractionation of LREEs and HREEs in hyperaccumulators involve adsorption and precipitation in extracellular cell walls, transmembrane transport within the symplast, and chelation with various ligands. The physiological mechanisms of REE hyperaccumulators can be divided into four key processes:(1) Activation of REEs in the rhizosphere through root exudates, phosphorus deficiency, and microbial interactions; (2) Efficient root uptake of REEs via both apoplastic and symplastic pathways, potentially involving REE transporters and other ion channels; (3) Xylem transport, where REEs form chelates with organic acids, amino acids, and other ligands, which influences the translocation of LREEs and HREEs to aerial parts; (4) Detoxification and storage in the aboveground parts, where REEs are bound to proteins, polysaccharides, and organic acids, and are primarily sequestered in inert compartments such as cell walls and vacuoles.

This study measures the comprehensive evaluation index of digital trade development and industrial transformation and upgrading by constructing an evaluation index system for the development of digital trade and industrial transformation. It is based on provincial panel data from 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) in China( excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2010 to 2020. It employs the entropy weight TOPSIS and grey correlation dynamic evaluation methods of grey relational degree, as well as exploratory factor analysis method. The coupling coordination degree model is used to measure the coupling coordination status of the two in the national and the eight economic zones. Combined with Dagum Gini coefficient and kernel density estimation methods, the evolutionary characteristics are analyzed from the perspectives of time and space. (1)The coupling coordination between digital trade development and industrial upgrading in China is increasing year by year, from a mildly dysfunctional stage to a well-coordinated stage, but with obvious regional heterogeneity. (2)Dagum Gini coefficient analysis finds that regional differences in digital trade development and industrial upgrading show a narrowing trend, and inter-regional differences are the main source of regional differences, and they mainly come from between the three coastal regions and the great northwest regions. (3)Kernel density estimation analysis finds that although the overall regional differences are narrowing, the gap between high level of coastal areas and low level of inland areas is widening, and there is an obvious polarization phenomenon, and there are provinces with much higher coupling coordination than others.

In order to figure out the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in soil near a lead-zinc mining area in northern Taihang Mountains, 66 surface soil samples were collected. The pollution degree of seven heavy metals (Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn) in the research area was evaluated by Nemerow pollution index method and geoaccumulation index method. Combined with multivariate statistical analysis and positive matrix factor model, the source of soil heavy metals was analyzed. Seven forms of heavy metals were extracted and the potential ecological risk comprehensive index and risk assessment coding method were used to comprehensively evaluate the migration ability and ecological risk. The results show that the order of heavy metals pollution in soil of the study area is as follows: Cd>Pb>Zn>Hg>Cu. As and Cr are hardly polluted and are basically not affected by external factors. The trend of multivariate statistical analysis is similar to that of PMF model source analysis, and they are mutually verified. PMF is established to be more accurate in dividing human sources. Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and a small part of Hg are from industrial and mining activities such as ore mining, beneficiation and metallurgy (65. 91%). Hg is mainly the source of atmospheric deposition caused by waste gas, dust and dust produced by ore mining and metal smelting (19. 02%). As and Cr are mainly controlled by parent material sources of soil (15. 07%). The study area is at a strong ecological hazard level as a whole. Cd and Hg are the main controlling factors. The migration ability and ecological risk of Cd are the highest. Acidic wastewater and leachate will significantly enhance the migration ability and ecological risk of Cd, and the supervision and treatment work need to be strengthened as a key focus.

Xidamingshan area in Guangxi is a polymetallic exploration area with abundant mineral resources. In recent years, this area has successively discovered Changtun medium-sized lead-zinc deposit, Fenghuangshan large-scale silver deposit, Nongtun large-scale lead-zinc deposit, and Luowei medium-sized lead-zinc-tungstenbismuth deposit. At the same time,many gold-silver-lead-zinc-tungsten-bismuth deposits are also found. Through study deeply on regional metallogenic system, it is found that the deep Yanshanian hidden pluton and Cambrian strata are important metallogenic geological bodies in the region, the three northeast trending regional faults, namely Lajie-Pingshan, Xidamingshan-Xinliuli, and Qunli-Sanhaxiu, are the most important ore-conducting structures in the study area. Near east-west trending faults, northeast trending secondary faults, northwest trending faults, and faults developed along the silica-calcium surface of Cambrian fine sandstone and Devonian limestone are important ore-bearing structures. The partially open areas where the stratigraphic attitude is gently dipping are prone to forming thick and high-grade orebodies, which make them important targets for exploring large and medium-sized deposits.

The Late Mesozoic is a critical period for the destruction of North China Craton, and quantitative constraints on lithospheric thickness during this phase is critical to understand destruction process of North China Craton. The whole-rock and olivine chemical compositions of Late Cretaceous( ~ 81 Ma) Qujiatun basalts in eastern Liaoning is reported. The results show that Qujiatun basalts are alkalic basalts with trace element composition charactevistics similar to that of oceanic island basalts(positive anomalies of Nb-Ta and negative anomalies of K and Pb), and depleted Sr-Nd isotopic signatures( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr(i)= 0. 704 053-0. 704 098 and εNd(t)= 1. 75-2. 00), indicating their asthenospheric orgin. The olivine phenocrysts have Fo values of 84. 02-86. 20, Ni(977-1 823)×10 -6 , Ca(1 234-1 667)×10 -6 , Mn(1 345-1 833)×10 -6 , as well as Fe / Mn, 10 000×Zn / Fe and Mn / Zn ratios of 66. 91-81. 29, 7. 36-8. 66 and 16. 6-19. 8, respectively, similar to those in peridotite-derived melts. Together with their whole-rock FC3MS and FCKANTMS values comparable to the corresponding values of peridotite-derived melts, these geochemical characteristics support their source lithology of peridotite. Based on the mantle temperature and pressure conditions(1 298-1 325 ℃ and 2. 50-2. 67 GPa) during the formation of Qujiatun basaltic magma, the lithospheric thickness is estimated at 82-90 km, slightly thicker than the Early Cretaceous lithosphere in this region(40-60 km). This suggests that the lithosphere of the North China Craton may have undergone processes of accretion and thickening, and its destruction had probably ended from the Early to Late Cretaceous.

In order to solve the problems such as aggregate subsidence and segregation of grouting slurry for backwall of shield tunnel in traditional underground tunnel construction, grouting pipe blockage and slurry stratification are easy to occur. Through single factor test on grouting grout of shield tunnel with cement, sand, fly ash and bentonite as the main raw materials, the influence law of admixture type and admixture amount on grout fluidity, free bleeding rate and segregation rate is obtained, and the admixture amount range is determined. The effects of different material components on the fluidity, free seeping rate and segregation rate of shield mortar cone are analyzed by using uniform design test method. Combined with the related performance indicators, using MATLAB optimization toolbox for the optimal performance of grout ratio simulation optimization test, the high performance shield tunnel wall grouting grout ratio is obtained. The test results show that the optimized grout has a fluidity of 257. 5 mm, a bleeding rate of 0. 71% at 3 h, a bleeding rate of 0. 36% at 24 h, a segregation rate of 3. 1%, a condensation time of 6. 7 h, and a compressive strength of 2. 61 MPa at 28 d. The optimized grout has a good segregation resistance, which essentially solves the problems of easy stratification, segregation and pipe blocking of backwall grouting grout.

The Dayishan area of Hunan province is located in the transition zone between Yangtze and Cathaysian Block, also is in the superposition of Qinhang metallogenic belt and Nanling metallogenic belt. The Dayishan pluton is characterized by multiple stages of intrusion and strong alteration. The lithium-bearing granites in Dachongli mining area can be divided into three stages of intrusions: medium-grained porphyritic biotite monzogranite ( ηγJ a 3 ), fine-grained porphyritic two-mica monzogranite ( ηγJ b 3 ) and fine-grained two-mica monzogranite( ηγJ c 3 ). In order to reveal the mechanism of lithium mineralization, this paper takes petrogeochemistry as the starting point to explore the characteristics of granite evolution. It is found that the average content of SiO2 in granite of Dachongli mining area is 75. 13%,Na2O+K2O is 5. 99%,10 000 × Ga / Al is 3. 88, and T FeO/ MgO is 21. 70. It has a flat “seagull shaped” REE patterns, enriched in Rb, Th, U and Y, with loss of Ba and Sr. It belongs to A-type granite. In Yb-Ta and Y-Nb diagrams,most of the granites in Dachongli mining area drop point into the range of intraplate granite. Combined with previous studies, it is believed that they are formed in the early Yanshan intracontinental extensional environment. From early to late stages, each stage of granite follows the law of magmatic evolution, with ∑REE, LREE, HREE, LREE / HREE, Th, Zr and Hf values decreasing, while Li, W, Sn, Bi, Rb, U and Nb are increasing. The average content of Li varies from 538×10 -6→734×10 -6→2 218×10 -6 , with a coefficient of 21. 2%→29. 8%→74. 3%, which reflects that Li is more enriched and more conducive to mineralization in the fine-grained two-mica monzonitic granite of the late stage.

The betel nut fibers modified with nano-ZnFe2O4 are prepared and characterized using betel nut fibers as raw materials. The results show that the optimum adsorption reaction pH is 6, the adsorbent dosage is 75 mg to reach saturation, and the initial concentration of Pb(Ⅱ) is 30 mg / L at a temperature of 35 ℃ . The maximum adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) by the modified betel nut fibers is 59. 40 mg / g. The quasi-secondary kinetic model and the Freundlich isothermal adsorption model are more accurate in characterizing the adsorption behavior of the betel nut fibers modified with nano-ZnFe2O4 on Pb(Ⅱ), which occurrs as a monolayer on a homogeneous surface. SEM-EDS, XRD, FT-IR and XPS are used to resolve the adsorption mechanisms, which may involve the catalytic effect of nano-ZnFe2O4 , metal-π electron interactions between the C??O and Pb(Ⅱ) cations of the modified betel nut fibers, gap filling to adsorb Pb(Ⅱ) and the formation of Pb—O complexes on the surface of the betel nut fibers. The betel nut fibers modified with nano-ZnFe2O4 can be used as an efficient adsorption material for Pb(Ⅱ) in wastewater.

In this study, a larger sand tank in the laboratory is applied to carry out a seven-year experiment for the remediation of conventional gasoline and ethanol gasoline pollution. Sulfate, nitrate and persulfate are injected into sand tank to study the mechanisms and effects on enhanced biodegradation and chemical oxidation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene(BTEX). The results show that BTEX dissolution has the characteristics of high initial concentration, easy fluctuation, multiple peaks and gradual attenuation. Long-term pollution of gasoline reduces the permeability of aquifer, which is more prominent in ethanol-gasoline polluted sites. The natural decay rate of BTEX dissolved from ethanol gasoline is slower than that from conventional gasoline, and the additions of nitrate and sulfate are beneficial to enhance the decay rate of BTEX. PS is more powerful to treat BTEX with high concentration, and is not significantly impacted by the presence of ethanol. However, multiple or continuous injection of PS may not effectively increase the decay rate of BTEX as expected. Geochemical and microbial evidences indicate that PS chemical oxidation can coexist with nitrate reduction or sulfate reduction in the remediation of pore groundwater fuel oil contamination, and have the feasibility of collaborative remediation.

Taking 707 national traditional villages in Nanling ethnic corridor as the research object, the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors are explored in this research mainly through ArcGIS spatial analysis and geography of measurement. The results show that the distribution type of traditional villages in Nanling ethnic corridor is agglomerative, with more in the west and less in the east. The distribution along the Five Ridges is zonal, forming two high-density areas of Huaihua-Guilin-Liuzhou and Guilin-Yongzhou-Hezhou. Besides, ethnic villages form one high-density area in Longsheng-Sanjiang-Tongdao. The spatial positive correlation of traditional villages occupies a dominant position, and there are high-high and low-low agglomeration areas. The spatial agglomeration characteristics at county scale are more obvious than those at city scale. Natural factors such as topography and hydrology are the material basis for the formation of traditional villages. Social and economic factors such as per capita GDP, urbanization rate and population density are also of great significance for the continuation and preservation of traditional villages. The integration of ethnic migration has shaped the unique distribution pattern of traditional villages.

Based on the data of tourism network attention and tourism economy of 14 prefecture-level cities in Guangxi from 2011 to 2020, DEA-Malmquist index model and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA) method are used to study the dynamic relationship between tourism network attention and tourism economy from the perspective of efficiency analysis and discusses the driving mechanisms in this paper. (1) The efficiency of tourism network attention in promoting the development of tourism economy is good, and the Malmquist index shows a fluctuating growth trend on the whole. (2)The spatial pattern of Malmquist index evolves in different observation periods. There is strong spatial heterogeneity among prefecture-level cities, and the promotion efficiency of tourism network attention in less developed regions is higher. (3)Extensive development type and basic support type are the two configuration paths of high promotion efficiency. Information construction has an obvious positive effect on the promotion efficiency of tourism network attention. (4)The common lack of network development level, resource abundance and transportation accessibility will inhibit the promotion efficiency of tourism network attention.

Aiming at the problem that the UAV road point cloud extraction process is complex and the extraction accuracy is not high, a method for UAV road point cloud extraction based on color information difference is proposed. Firstly, cloth simulation filtering(CSF) is used to separate the ground points and non-ground points of the original road point cloud, extract the target point cloud. Secondly, a three color-information value is constructed in the dense point cloud for three-dimensional coordinates. Thirdly,combined with density-based noise application spatial clustering of applications with noise, DBSCAN algorithm based on color information differences of UAV road point cloud extraction, according to the road point cloud corresponding to the cluster class number, road point cloud is extracted. Finally, DBSCAN algorithm is used again to cluster the road point cloud in three dimensions to optimize the extracted road point cloud data, and obtain the final road point cloud. The experimental results show that the correct rate of the number of road point cloud extracted by this method is 98. 19%, the completeness is 92. 20%, and the overall quality is 90. 66%, which can effectively extract the road point cloud obtained by UAV. 

Exploring the spatial and temporal variation of vegetation cover in Guizhou Province, as well as its differences driven by climatic factors, is critical for ecological environment monitoring and ecological restoration construction in the region. Based on MOD13A1 data and meteorological monitoring data, this paper analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution character and stability of vegetation NDVI, and investigates its driving climatic factors in Guizhou Province from 2001 to 2020 by using trend analysis, coefficient of variation method, partial correlation analysis, and complex correlation analysis, as well as ANUSPLIN meteorological interpolation model. (1) From 2001 to 2020, the vegetation NDVI trend is generally increasing, with a growth rate of 0. 005 0/ a. (2)In the past 20 years, vegetation coverage in Guizhou Province has recovered well, and the proportion of areas showing significant increase is 77. 97%. The vegetation NDVI has generally been stable, mainly characteried by lower and medium fluctuation. (3)Non-climatic factors accounts for 84. 89% of the change in vegetation NDVI in Guizhou Province. Among the climate components, temperature accounts for 6. 02%. The present study finds that the vegetation cover in Guizhou Province shows a highly significant improvement trend from 2001 to 2020. Vegetation NDVI changes are mainly driven by non-climatic factors.

Taking Wuyi Mountain Range and its surrounding provinces as the study area, this research quantifies the supply and demand of carbon sequestration services in mountainous ecosystem. On this basis, it introduces the supply-demand ratio of ecosystem services, and based on the multi-year wind direction, visually simulates the trans-provincial flow process and regularity of carbon sequestration services in mountainous ecosystem from 2000 to 2020. (1)The supply of carbon sequestration services per unit of mountainous ecosystem is higher than that of the provincial area, and the demand is half of the overall one, so it can supply carbon sequestration services outward. (2) There is spatial heterogeneity in the supply-demand relationship of carbon sequestration services in study area, with higher carbon sequestration demand and lower supply in the built-up areas and the coastal development zones, and in addition, the Wuyi Mountain Range has a higher supply of carbon sequestration and lower demand. (3) The high-demand and medium-demand services are located in the urban built-up area. The high supply and medium supply types are located in Wuyi Mountain Range and the provincial border, which is due to the marginalization and extrusion of ecological space by urban development. (4)The carbon sequestration service flow is gradually transmitted to Wuyi Mountain Range and fixed in coastal areas, which are watersheds or mountains with good carbon sequestration capacity. However, the carbon sequestration service flow also shows a vertical gradient flow change compared with horizontal spatial flow. From the city to the mountain end, the demand gradually decreases, and the supply gradually increases.

There are a series of Triassic granites in central Hunan, whose genesis and tectonic significance are highly controversial. Taking Yueshan granite as the research object, this paper has conducted research on petrology, zircon chronology and geochemistry. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results show that the weighted average age of Yueshan granite is 245±1 Ma, indicating that the emplacement age of the pluton is Middle Triassic. Zircon trace element compositions show significant positive Ce anomaly and negative Eu anomaly, light rare earth depletion, which is consistent with typical magmatic zircon characteristics. Zircon saturation temperature is low(avg. , 728. 66 ℃ ), the main elements are rich in silica( SiO2 = 76. 65% -81. 72%), and alkali(Na2O+ K2O= 6. 67% -8. 53%) but poor in TiO2 (0. 04% -0. 08%), showing its characteristics of peraluminous(A/ CNK= 1. 09-1. 19), and high potassium calc-alkaline S-type granite. Large ion lithophile elements such as Rb, Th and U are enriched, while high field strength elements such as Nb and Ti are depleted, with obvious negative Eu anomaly(δEu = 0. 13-0. 36). The geochemical characteristics indicate that it belongs to crust-derived granite, and the magma source area is partial melting of argillaceous rocks. Combined with the discrimination of tectonic environment and regional tectonic-magmatic evolution, it is concluded that Yueshan granite is formed in the co-collision tectonic environment.

To overcome the limitations of existing methods for identifying falls among the elderly, a novel technique is proposed that utilizes sound signals for fall detection. In the acoustic feature extraction stage, Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients(MFCC) are supplemented with temporal information. The Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients along with their first and second-order differential coefficients are transformed into a three-dimensional feature similar to an image, which is then classified using convolutional neural networks, thereby enhancing the robustness of indoor fall detection against noise. The network architecture is further improved through the use of the SimAM attention mechanism, feature pyramid network(FPN), and dynamic receptive convolution (DRConv). Experimental results show that this proposed method outperforms traditional identification methods on different datasets. The refined network model achieves precision, recall, and F1-Score of 98. 43%, 98. 21%, and 98. 32%, respectively, on the A3FALL dataset. Furthermore, for human fall sound events, the F1-Score is 96. 45%, which is superior to that of other conventional network models.

The key to enhancing LLC resonant converter efficiency lies in minimizing switching losses of the power switches. According to the requirements of high power density and high efficiency of 240 W adapter, GaN power device is used as the primary switch, and the resonance parameters K and Q are constrained and optimized by the control variable method. Through the Mathcad theoretical calculation, Matlab simulation and experimental platform test, the selected synchronous rectifier driver chip is MP6924A. Finally, a 240 W adapter prototype is developed. The power density of the whole machine reaches 0. 82 W/ cm 3 , and the high voltage and full load efficiency of the whole machine is 96%. The experimental result verifies the feasibility of adopting GaN power devices, optimizing resonance parameters, and synchronous rectification technology to improve efficiency.

Aiming at the problems of low automation and poor efficiency of traditional manual methods and complex algorithm and poor accuracy of point-cloud-filtering method in the process of feature extraction and bounding box creation, a dynamic singling bounding box creation method based on U-Net boundary extraction in true orthophoto is proposed. Firstly, the U-Net neural network is used to extract the contour boundary of the true orthophoto, and extracts the forward projection boundary of rural buildings efficiently. Furthermore, based on the extracted building boundary, the vector model of single building bounding box is automatically created by geographic coordinate transformation and building height extraction through image dense matching point cloud. Taking two villages in Jiangxi Province as an example, the experimental results show that the proposed method has high accuracy and efficiency in building boundary extraction, and the location and height of the bounding box created are accurate. It can effectively perform the dynamic singling of the real-scene model in large-scale buildings community.

The most existing electric vehicle routing problem(EVRP) models ignore the heterogeneity of charging facilities or focus only on a single optimization objective. This paper proposes a multi-objective EVRP model with hybrid variables(M-EVRP), which considers the heterogeneity of charging speed and charging cost in EVRP, with the optimization objectives of minimizing the total travel time and total charging cost. To solve this model, a mixed-variable multi-objective differential evolution algorithm(MMODEmv) is designed. MMODEmv embeds the incremental recursive ranking grouping ( IRRG) strategy into the cooperative coevolution ( CC) framework, which combines the advantages of differential grouping methods and monotonicity checking strategies to improve the efficiency of coevolution by separating interactive and non-interactive variables when dividing populations. In addition, the algorithm employs a relaxation mechanism to maintain the correlation between variables in the model. Simulation experiments show that MMODEmv has significant advantages in terms of convergence and diversity compared with four representative algorithms.